SSC CGL Tier 2 GA Revision Notes, One Liner Facts

TopicOne-Liner FactBattle of PlasseyFought in 1757 between the British East India Company and Siraj-ud-Daulah.First Governor-General of IndiaLord William Bentinck (1828–1835).Indian National Congress Founded1885 by A.O. Hume.Civil Disobedience MovementStarted in 1930 by Mahatma Gandhi with the Salt March.Quit India MovementLaunched in 1942 by Mahatma Gandhi demanding British withdrawal.First Battle of PanipatFought in 1526 between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi.Second Battle of PanipatFought in 1556 between Akbar and Hemu.Third Battle of PanipatFought in 1761 between Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali.First War of Indian Independence1857 revolt against British East India Company.Bengal RenaissanceCultural, social, and intellectual reform movement in 19th century Bengal.Arya Samaj Founded1875 by Swami Dayananda Saraswati to promote Vedic values.Aligarh MovementInitiated by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in the late 19th century for Muslim education.Khilafat Movement1919–1924, aimed at protecting the Ottoman Caliphate.Simon Commission Boycott1928, all Indian political parties boycotted due to no Indian members.Formation of All India Muslim League1906 in Dhaka to protect Muslim political interests.Rowlatt Act1919, allowed imprisonment without trial; led to widespread protests.Jallianwala Bagh Massacre1919 in Amritsar; General Dyer ordered firing on unarmed civilians.Champaran Satyagraha1917, Mahatma Gandhi led indigo farmers against British landlords.Kheda Satyagraha1918, Gandhi helped peasants in Gujarat suffering from crop failure.Home Rule Movement1916, launched by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak.Partition of Bengal1905 by Lord Curzon; later annulled in 1911 due to protests.Non-Cooperation Movement1920–22, led by Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh incident.Simon Commission1927, all Indian political parties boycotted it.Poona Pact1932 agreement between Gandhi and Ambedkar for Dalit representation.Lahore Session of Congress1929, Purna Swaraj (complete independence) declared.Dandi March1930, Gandhi’s Salt March against British salt tax.Cripps Mission1942, failed attempt to secure Indian cooperation in WWII.Mountbatten Plan1947, plan for partition and transfer of power to India and Pakistan.Adoption of Indian Constitution26th January 1950, India became a republic.First Prime Minister of IndiaJawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964).First Battle of Tarain1191, Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori.Second Battle of Tarain1192, Muhammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan.Establishment of Delhi Sultanate1206 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak.First Mughal EmperorBabur (1526–1530).Akbar’s Reign1556–1605; established Din-i-Ilahi and centralized administration.Jahangir’s Reign1605–1627; known for administrative reforms and patronage of arts.Shah Jahan1628–1658; built the Taj Mahal.Aurangzeb1658–1707; known for expansion of Mughal Empire and orthodox policies.Battle of Haldighati1576, Rana Pratap vs. Akbar.Maratha Empire FounderChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, crowned in 1674.Anglo-Mysore WarsFour wars (1767–1799) between Mysore (Tipu Sultan) and British.Anglo-Maratha WarsThree wars (1775–1818) that led to British control over Marathas.Anglo-Sikh WarsTwo wars (1845–1849) that annexed Punjab to British India.Formation of Indian National Army1942, led by Subhas Chandra Bose to fight British.Bengal Famine1943, caused millions of deaths under British rule.Charter Act of 1813Allowed missionaries to propagate education and religion in India.Vernacular Press Act1878, restricted freedom of Indian language press.Indigo Revolt1859–60, farmers revolted against oppressive indigo planters in Bengal.Battle of Plassey OutcomeBritish East India Company gained control over Bengal.Revolt of 1857 LeadersMangal Pandey, Rani Laxmi Bai, Tatya Tope, Begum Hazrat Mahal.Partition of India1947, led to creation of India and Pakistan.Mountbatten Award1947, last Viceroy Lord Mountbatten awarded for peaceful transfer of power.Gandhi-Irwin Pact1931, agreement to suspend civil disobedience movement.Formation of Swaraj Party1923, Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru formed it to enter councils.Champaran Movement SuccessLed to withdrawal of indigo planters and concessions to farmers.Non-Brahmin Movement1916–20, social reform movements in South India led by Periyar and others.Simon Commission Protest LeadersLala Lajpat Rai, Motilal Nehru, Annie Besant.