Computer Abbreviations & Terminology for SSC CGL Tier 2

AbbreviationFull FormMeaning / UseCPUCentral Processing UnitBrain of the computer that processes instructionsRAMRandom Access MemoryTemporary memory for running programsROMRead Only MemoryPermanent memory storing firmwareHDDHard Disk DriveStorage device for data and programsSSDSolid State DriveFaster storage device using flash memoryBIOSBasic Input Output SystemSoftware to boot and manage hardwareOSOperating SystemManages computer hardware and softwareGUIGraphical User InterfaceInterface using icons and visualsHTTPHyper Text Transfer ProtocolProtocol for web communicationHTTPSHyper Text Transfer Protocol SecureSecure version of HTTPIPInternet ProtocolUnique address of a device in a networkDNSDomain Name SystemConverts domain names to IP addressesURLUniform Resource LocatorWeb address of a websiteFTPFile Transfer ProtocolTransfer files between computers onlineLANLocal Area NetworkNetwork within a small areaWANWide Area NetworkNetwork covering large geographic areaVPNVirtual Private NetworkSecure connection over the internetSQLStructured Query LanguageLanguage to manage databasesDDLData Definition LanguageSQL commands to define database structureDMLData Manipulation LanguageSQL commands to manipulate dataDCLData Control LanguageSQL commands for access controlTCLTransaction Control LanguageSQL commands to manage transactionsIP AddressInternet Protocol AddressUnique identifier of a deviceMACMedia Access ControlUnique hardware address of network interfaceGUIGraphical User InterfaceInterface using visuals and iconsCLICommand Line InterfaceInterface using typed commandsAPIApplication Programming InterfaceEnables software to communicate with other softwareIDEIntegrated Development EnvironmentSoftware for programming and codingURLUniform Resource LocatorAddress to access websitesPDFPortable Document FormatFile format for documentsJPEGJoint Photographic Experts GroupCommon image file formatPNGPortable Network GraphicsLossless image file formatHTTPHypertext Transfer ProtocolUsed for web pagesHTTPSHypertext Transfer Protocol SecureSecure communication protocolSMTPSimple Mail Transfer ProtocolProtocol to send emailsPOPPost Office ProtocolProtocol to receive emailsIMAPInternet Message Access ProtocolProtocol to access emails onlineDNSDomain Name SystemMaps domain names to IP addressesURLUniform Resource LocatorWeb page addressUSBUniversal Serial BusStandard for connecting devicesHDMIHigh Definition Multimedia InterfaceConnects video and audio devicesVGAVideo Graphics ArrayVideo display standardAIArtificial IntelligenceSimulation of human intelligence by machinesMLMachine LearningAI system that learns from dataIoTInternet of ThingsDevices connected to the internetLANLocal Area NetworkNetwork within a buildingWANWide Area NetworkNetwork across cities or countriesGUIGraphical User InterfaceVisual interface for interactionCLICommand Line InterfaceText-based interface for commandsHTTPHypertext Transfer ProtocolProtocol for browsing web pagesHTTPSHypertext Transfer Protocol SecureSecure version of HTTPVPNVirtual Private NetworkPrivate network over public internetSQLStructured Query LanguageDatabase query languageDNSDomain Name SystemConverts domain names into IP addressesOSOperating SystemSoftware that manages hardware