Seven out of nine universities that the White House initially offered a “compact” granting preferential federal funding in exchange for aligning with President Donald Trump’s policy priorities have now declined to sign it.
The University of Arizona became the latest institution to reject the proposal, joining Brown University, Dartmouth College, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Southern California, and the University of Virginia. The remaining two institutions, Vanderbilt University and the University of Texas at Austin, have not yet publicly declined.
The Compact for Academic Excellence in Higher Education, sent to the nine universities on October 1, outlines ten reform areas that institutions would need to comply with to access priority federal funding. The proposed measures include banning the consideration of race and sex in admissions, capping the proportion of international students, abolishing student groups that “punish or belittle conservative ideas,” and defining gender based strictly on “reproductive function and biological processes.”
Suresh Garimella, The President of the University of Arizona spoke to The Indian Express over email about the university’s decision, the meaning of academic freedom in 2025, and the landscape for international students, particularly from India.
Q: What does ‘academic freedom’ mean to you in the present political climate?
At the University of Arizona, we regard academic freedom as foundational to our mission. It protects the right to pursue knowledge and engage in civil debate, even on difficult subjects, while ensuring that learning and respectful dialogue can flourish.
We do not allow intimidation, disruption, or vandalism that undermines speech or participation in campus life. Consistent with our Statement of Principles, the university does not take positions on political or social issues beyond those affecting our teaching, research, or operations. We also recognize the distinction between academic freedom and freedom of speech in the U.S., though they are complementary.
Where freedom of speech is a constitutionally derived right, academic freedom is rooted in expertise and professional competence as a protection of the inquiry found in both the classroom and the research lab or scholarly and artistic endeavor.
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Q: The University of Arizona was among those invited to respond to the Compact. Why did you choose to reject it?
The University of Arizona was among nine universities invited by the U.S. Department of Education to provide feedback on the ‘Compact for Academic Excellence in Higher Education.’ We engaged in broad consultation with the Arizona Board of Regents, faculty, staff, students, and higher education partners.
Our Statement of Principles (SOP) contributes to the ongoing national conversation about the future relationship between universities and the federal government. We will remain an active and constructive participant in that dialogue, committed to maintaining a strong partnership with the federal government while staying true to the principles that guide our mission and the pursuit of our strategic imperatives.”
(In the SOP sent to the U.S Department of Education on October 20, Garimella wrote “a federal research funding system based on anything other than merit would weaken the world’s preeminent engine for innovation, advancement of technology, and solutions to many of our nation’s most profound challenges. We seek no special treatment and believe in our ability to compete for federally funded research strictly on merit.”)
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Q: How would you describe the current environment for international students in the U.S., especially those from India?
International students are essential members of our university community. For the 2025–26 academic year, international enrollment stands at close to 3,300 students. While some students faced visa processing challenges this year, overall interest remains strong, and we remain focused on the success of our international students just as we do with students from within the U.S.
The university had 3,649 international students in 2023, 3,639 in 2024, and 3,309 this academic year. Students from India comprised 1,132 in 2023, 1,176 in 2024, and 799 this year.
Q: What would you say to international students and families who are anxious about studying in the U.S. today?
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To students and families in India who may feel anxious about studying abroad, my message is simple: you are welcome here at the University of Arizona. Our campus is a place where every student can thrive, pursue discovery, and prepare for a meaningful life and career. International students are an integral part of who we are, and we are honored to be part of their journey.
Q: Looking ahead, how do you see universities balancing autonomy and accountability?
This is a pivotal moment for higher education globally. Universities must uphold their principles of academic freedom rooted in excellence and expertise, while demonstrating accountability, flexibility, and public value.
The University of Arizona will continue to engage constructively with policymakers, communities, and global partners to ensure higher education remains a source of innovation, opportunity, and hope for future generations.
Q: What are your broader priorities as president?
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As one of America’s leading public research universities, the University of Arizona is guided by three strategic imperatives: success for every student, research that shapes the future, and engagement with our communities to create opportunity here in Arizona and around the world. These imperatives define our work in the United States and globally, reflecting our belief that higher education must serve as a force for good.”
Q: What distinguishes Arizona’s research and education model?
With more than $1 billion in annual research expenditures, the University of Arizona ranks among the top 20 public research universities in the United States according to the National Science Foundation. We are among the top 0.5% of more than 21,400 colleges and universities worldwide, according to the Center for World University Rankings.”
Our partnerships in India exemplify our global mission. Through microcampuses in Amritapuri and Kochi, students can earn a master’s degree in Immunobiology from the University of Arizona alongside a degree from Amrita University. These collaborations advance shared priorities in health, technology, and education.
